Xrs-5 and xrs-7 are radiation - sensitive MUTANTs of the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) CELL LINES. These CELLs show a defect in rejoining of DNA double strand breaks and alterations in chromosome structure and morphology. Irs1 is also another Chinese hamster MUTANT derived from V79 CELLs with a high sensitivity to radiation and chemicals. The relationship between radiation sensitivity and metaphase chromosome size and morphology was examined in these MUTANTs and their parental wild type CELLs. CELLs were grown in MEM medium and after colcemid treatment, metaphase was prepared using standard methods. Slides were air dried and left on hot surface over night at 54°C and stained in Dapi. Metaphases were analysed using a computerized system, Smartcapture VP, and measurements were performed using IP Lab software. Results indicate a significant difference between the length, thickness and ratio of thickness to length of chromosomes xrs-5 to CHO-K1 andxrs-7 CELLs (P<0.001). Xrs-5 Chromosomes were seen to be over- condensed and shorter. In contrast, length of irs1 CELLs was seen to be longer than its parental LINES, V79 and V79-4. This is also found to be significantly different from each other (P <0. 001). These results suggest that there is a fundamental difference between MUTANT and parental CELL~ in either the organization of the loops of DNA attached to the nuclear matrix or in the nature of the proteins that attach the DNA to the matrix. However, Chromosome size and over - condensed morphology might not play a role in radiosensitivity of CELLs, but might be due to alterations in the phosphorylation of chromatin proteins.    

Background: Dendrosomal nano-curcumin (DNC) represents an enormous potential to serve as a therapeutic anticancer agent. Here, we investigated the effect of DNC on wild type-and p53-MUTANT breast cancer CELLs. Methods: MCF-7 and T47D CELLs were treated with DNC and investigated for CELL viability through MTT assay. The mode of death was analyzed using Annexin V/FITC staining and PARP cleavage assays. Flow cytometric efflux and CELL swelling tests were employed to assess the p-glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter activity. Moreover, real-time PCR was employed to study the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 as well as survivin and its
Ex3 splicing variant. Results: Our findings confirmed that DNC repressed cancer CELL proliferation by induction of apoptosis. Additionally, DNC significantly modulated P-gp function that might lead to improved CELLular permanence of curcumin. Malfunction of P-gp activity by DNC demonstrates its capability in reducing the drug resistance of p53-MUTANT cancer CELLs. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that dendrosomal nano-curcumin could be considered an anti-tumor therapeutic for p53-MUTANT tumor malignancies.

Induced mutation is an appropriate method for increasing genetic diversity. In this study, some morphological traits of 33 MUTANT LINES of M3 generation in medicinal plant Lallemantia royleana, derived from gamma irradiation of seeds at doses of 50, 100, 150, 250, 350, 450 and 700 Gy and control, were investigated through a completely randomized design with 5 repetition. Traits under the study included: the number of days to maturity, plant height, number of branches, inflorescence height, number of flower cycle per plant, number of flower cycle in the main branch and side branch, number of nut in flower cycle and plant, number of grains per nut, seed yield, biological yield, 100 seed weight and harvest index. The differences among MUTANT LINES were statistically significant for all traits with exception of the number of nut in the flower cycle. MUTANT line No. 11 that derived from dose 700 Gy, had the highest amount in traits such as inflorescence length, number of flowers per plant cycle, nut number per plant, seed yield per plant and biological yield. The cluster analysis based on the square Euclidean distance and Ward method divided the MUTANT LINES into four clusters where the MUTANT line No. 11 alone was in a single group.

In this research 22 rapeseed MUTANT LINES and their parents were evaluated with three cultivars under four different environmental conditions in a randomized complete block design with three replication in 2015-2016. The results of experiment showed significant differences between genotypes in case of number of days to flowering, number of days to the end of flowering, the length of flowering, number of days to maturity and oil yield. The evaluated traits also showed significant differences under different environmental conditions. The average of seed yield of genotypes in Karaj, Mashhad, Kermanshah and Esfahan locations were measured 3025, 4096, 5111 and 2906 kg. ha-1, respectively. Genotypes Z-800-3, Z-900-8 and T-900-5 with 245, 244 and 245 days till maturity belonged to early maturity genotypes. Also, LINES Z-900-8 with 4342 kg. ha-1had highest seed yield between Zarfam MUTANT LINES in four places. Between Talayeh MUTANT LINES, the highest seed yield was determined in T-800-6 with 4102 kg. ha-1, respectively. Also in the Express cultivar, the highest seed yield revealed in MUTANT line Exp-800-1 with 4083 kg. ha-1seed yield. The results of combined analysis of variance and seed yield ranking showed that Z-900-8 genotype with average 4342 kg grain per hectare and lowest ranking mean(5. 7) as well as lowest ranking variance (7. 5) determined as adaptable cultivar with high stability is suitable for cultivating in cold regions.

Background and Objectives: Rice is one of the most important crops in Iran and all over the world and drought stress is a significant limiting factor in producing this crop. Breeding for drought tolerance can be an effective method to improve and sustain yield in drought-prone regions. Inducing mutation is a suitable method for increasing the genetic variation of crops. The current research aimed was carried out to identify and classify tolerant and sensitive MUTANT LINES of rice to drought stress. Materials and Methods: Parent LINES of the ninth generation resulting from a cross of Ahlemi-Tarom (relatively drought tolerance) and Sepidroud (relatively drought sensitive) were obtained. In 2015, to improve genetic diversity in drought tolerance, an irradiation with gammaray (250 grays) was conducted on 300 ninth generation LINES at Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute in Karaj. Using a primary screening in M1 based on important agronomic and breeding traits, ninety-six MUTANT LINES were selected. The present experiment was conducted on 96 MUTANT LINES of rice (M2) in two environments, i. e. non-stress (flooding) and drought stress conditions, on the research farm of Gonbad Kavous University in 2016 using a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Through applying yield for each genotype and yield mean for all genotypes under stress and non-stress conditions, seventeen drought tolerance indexes were calculated. The indexes under study included TOL, MP, GMP, HM, YSI, YI, SSI, STI, ATI, DI, K1STI, K2STI, RDI, RDY, SSPI, SPI and SNPI. To determine the best indicators for identifying high yielding genotypes under different moisture conditions, correlations of indices with yield in stress and non-stress conditions were employed. To identify the relationship between the indices, multivariate analyses including a principal component analysis, a cluster analysis and a discriminant function analysis were used. The discriminant function analysis was used to determine the number of significant groups in cluster analysis and dendrogram cutting points. In order to select the best genotypes and indicators for determination of tolerant and sensitive genotypes to drought stress, a biplot was drawn. Results: Results of the correlation analysis between drought tolerance indices and grain yield showed that GMP, HM, STI, MP and RDY were the best indices for identifying high yield of genotypes under flooding and drought stress conditions. By examining the correlations of indices with grain yield (stress and non-stress conditions) and their coefficient of variations, it was determined that the STI index, due to its significant correlation in both environments and its high coefficient of variation, can be introduced as an index which justifies the greatest variation under different moisture conditions. The principal component analysis showed that three principal and independent factors explained 99. 93 percent of total variance in all data. The first, second and third factors with 84. 47, 14. 12 and 1. 33 percent of the variance respectively were named as drought sensitive, drought tolerance and yield potential. The cluster analysis using the WARD method and Euclidean distance led to grouping MUTANT LINES of rice. The discriminant function analysis showed that there were four significant groups in the cluster analysis. The first to fourth groups had 7, 25, 17 and 47 genotypes, respectively. The first and third cluster genotypes were identified as tolerant and sensitive to drought stress, respectively. Conclusion: Genotypes No. 94 was selected as the best MUTANT line in terms of yield and tolerance to drought stress among plant sources in the present study. The biplot drawn based on the first two components introduced SNPI and SSPI indices as indexes for identifying tolerant and sensitive drought stress genotypes, respectively.

Background Radiotherapy is one of the cancer treatment methods. Although radioresistance and normal tissue toxicity limit the radiation therapy in certain anatomical locations, using some substances can be useful to increase radiosensitivity on cancer CELLs without cytotoxicity effect on normal CELLs. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of tolmetin in radiotherapy treatment on human colon cancer CELL line HT-29. Methods In this study, human colon cancer CELLs HT-29 in different groups were irradiated with 4 Gy x-ray, and tolmetin was administered in different concentrations (75, 100, and 150 μ, M). Then, the groups were compared with each other and with the control group by Micronucleus Assay (MN) and Nuclear Division Index (NDI). NDI investigated the cytotoxicity, and MN indicated the genotoxicity. Results In the group receiving radiation, micronuclei increased significantly compared to the control group. In the group receiving tolmetin with a concentration of 75 and 100 μ, M, the number of micronuclei also increased compared to the control group. In all groups treated with tolmetin that also received radiation, a significant increase in micronuclei was observed, which was more noticeable at concentrations of 100 and 150 μ, M. At the same time, tolmetin at the studied concentrations did not change the NDI index. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that tolmetin has a radiosensitizing effect on HT-29 colon cancer CELLs, which depends on the tolmetin concentration. In addition, tolmetin has no cytotoxic effect on this CELL line.

Direct regenerations by using mature cotyledonary node as a explants has been shown to be time-saving and convenient strategy for micropropagation of soybean. So we have evaluated regeneration protocol through single shoot using cotyledonary node as a rapid and efficient protocol for two soybean cultivars and one MUTANT line. Cotyledonary nodes explants obtained from 7-days-old in vitro seedlings. After 28 days, the percent of regeneration and after 42 days, regeneration area were calculated. The results showed that percent of regeneration and regeneration area of MUTANT line was significantly more than two cultivars, L17 and Williams. After shoot induction, plants were transferred to shoot elongation medium followed by transferring plants to rooting medium. The results showed that the percent of rooting was not significantly affected by genotypes. In another experiment to test kanamycin sensitivity of regenerated shoots, it was found that kanamaycin with 150 mg/L concentration is lethal for regeneration of soybean shoots from cotyledonary node explants. The results showed that regeneration efficiency of MUTANT line was significantly more than two other cultivars. Kanamaycin sensitivity of regenerated shoots showed that kanamycin at 150 mg/L or above can be used as a selective agent for all three tested cultivars transformation.

Introduction: Drought is a major problem that limits the adoption of high-yielding rice varieties in drought-prone rainfed rice environments. To improve crop productivity, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of plant responses to drought conditions with the ultimate goal of improving crop performance in the vast areas of the world where rainfall is limiting or unreliable. Safaei Chaeikar et al. (2008) reported that MP, GMP, HM and STI indices, which showed the highest correlation with grain yield under both optimal and stress conditions, can be used as the best indices to introduce drought-tolerant genotypes in rice breeding programs. They also were introduced Nemat, Sepidrood, IR64, IR50 and Bejar genotypes as tolerant varieties. The present study was conducted to determine how drought affects grain yield in rice MUTANT LINES and also to test this hypothesis in order to identify the most suitable indices/genotypes. Materials and Methods: A field trial was conducted at Iranian Rice Research Centers in North of Iran, Rasht (latitude 37◦ 28', longitude 49◦ 28'E and altitude 7m below the sea level), during the 2014-2015 growing season. The seeds were sown in a nursery on the 10 May and 25 day old seedlings were transplanted to the field. Two separately experiment was carried out under reproductive stage drought stress and controlled conditions based on randomized complete block design with three replications, in four-row plots of three m length. Transplanting was done using 1 seedling per hill; at hill spacing of 25 cm × 25 cm. 18 rice genotypes were consisted 14 M5 MUTANT LINES and their four parental cultivars. Results and Discussion: Analysis of variance indicated significant effects of drought stress, genotype and interaction effects of two factors on grain yield, plant height, flag leaf area, tiller number and grain fertility percentage. Drought stress at reproductive stage caused reduction in grain yield (59. 47%), grain fertility percentage (19. 08%), plant height (9. 35%), flag leaf area (8. 59%) and panicle length (1. 61%). Different drought indices probably measure similar aspect of drought tolerance/resistance. Significant yield reduction was observed under drought stress in majority of the rice genotypes studied. Drought tolerance indices were varied significantly indicating genotypic variability. Selection based on these stress tolerance indices will results in identification of drought tolerant genotypes for rainfed ecosystems. The stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and harmonic mean (HM) were superior in genotype indicating that they can be used as alternative for each other to select drought tolerant genotypes with high yield performance in both stress and non-stress conditions. To determine the most desirable drought tolerance criteria, the correlation coefficients between Yp, Ys and other quantitative indices of drought tolerance were calculated. The results indicated that there were positive and significant correlations among Yp and MP, GMP, STI and HM. There were also significant and positive correlation between Ys and YI, HM, GMP, YSI, STIandMP. In this experiment, the principal component analysis was performed on eight indices and grain yield under stress and non-stress in 18 rice genotypes. Results showed that the first two components explained 82. 8% and 17% of total variation, respectively. The relationship between principal components and studied indices showed that the higher values of first and the lower values of second components were related to drought tolerance and sensitivity to stress, respectively. Selection based on a combination of indices may provide a more useful criterion for improving rice drought-tolerant LINES; therefore, studies of correlation coefficients are useful in finding out the degree of overall linear association between any two attributes. According to these drought stress indices, G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 (M5 MUTANT LINES of local lanrace, Tarom) and (M5 MUTANT line of Hashemi) were as drought tolerant and G14 (MUTANT LINES of Khazar), G15 (Hashemi), G16 (Khazar) and G17 (Tarom) were sensitive to drought stress. Conclusions: Results of present study showed that MP, GMP, YI and STI are best indices for selecting and specifying of rice tolerant genotypes in arid areas. The use of mutation caused drought resistant on the progenies and the above LINES can be used in a project of introduction of drought tolerant rice varieties.